What is an Ankle Sprain?
The ankle joint has three bones that are precisely shaped to interlock
and give stability. Strong bands of connective tissue called ligaments
reinforce the joint and help hold the bones together. These ligaments
prevent too much movement of the joint.
A sudden movement or twist, often when the foot rolls in, can
overstretch the supporting ligaments, causing ligament tears and
bleeding around the joint. This is known as an ankle sprain.
This is a common injury, particularly in activities that require running, jumping and change of direction (such as
basketball and netball).
Symptoms of Ankle Sprain
- Swelling – the ankle can swell in minutes or over several hours.
- Bruising – over the area of injury.
- Pain – when trying to move the ankle joint and when walking, especially when the knee goes forward over the foot.
In more severe injuries there may be associated bone injury and it is wise to get an x-ray to determine whether there is a fracture.
80% of tears occur to the lateral (outside of the) ankle ligaments as
there is more movement available here. These are known as an inversion
sprain. The most common ligaments sprained are the anterior
talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament.
If you strain the medial (inside) ligaments they are known as an eversion sprain of the deltoid ligament.
What's the Immediate Treatment of an Ankle Sprain?
- Stop your activity and rest the injured joint.
- Use icepacks every two hours, applied for 15-20 minutes.
- Bandage the joint firmly, and extend the wrapping up the calf and down the foot.
- Raise the ankle above heart height whenever possible, preferably lying down.
- Avoid exercise, heat, alcohol and massage in the first 48 hours after injury, as these can all exacerbate swelling.
- Consult your physiotherapist if your ankle injury does not settle in a day or two.
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What Causes Recurring Ankle Sprains?
Some people suffer from recurring ankle sprains. This can be caused by a number of factors working in combination, including:
- Ligament Scarring – and excessive looseness or stiffness, as a result of previous ankle sprains;
- Insufficient Rehabilitation – leading to weak muscles or a stiff ankle joint;
- Proprioceptive
Deficit – decreased capacity to judge where your foot is in relation to
your leg – this can be resolved with appropriate physiotherapy retraining.
When is it Wise to Visit Your Physio?
If the pain from a sprained ankle that you are managing yourself has not improved after a day or so, it is best
to seek the advice of your physiotherapist.
Physiotherapy Treatment may include:
- Joint techniques to regain lost ankle motion;
- Exercises to strengthen all muscles surrounding & related to the ankle;
-
Advice on taping and ankle braces for use during activity, if required;
-
The use of a wobble board or trampoline, and other exercises, to encourage balance and improve the proprioceptive deficit;
-
Exercise programs to normalise your mobility, strength and power of the joint, as necessary.
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Common Ankle Sprain Treatments
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FAQs about Ankle Sprains
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Helpful Products for Ankle Sprains
Related: Ankle Injuries
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